By and until By the time. . .

Unit 119 - I E G - By and until        By the time. . .

119.1

1. I have to be home not later than 5 o’clock.             I have to be home by 5 o’clock.

2. I have to be at the airport not later than 10.30 am.   

I have to be at the airport by 10.30 am.

3. Let me know not later than Saturday whether you can come to the party.

Let me know by Saturday if you can come to the party.

4. Please make sure that you’re here not later than 2 o’clock.

Please make sure that you’re here by 2 o’clock.

5. If we leave now, we should arrive not later than lunchtime.

If you leave now, we should arrive by lunchtime.

119.2

1. Fred has gone away. He’ll be away until Monday.

2. Sorry, but I must go. I have to be at home by 5 o’clock.

3. I’ve been offered a job. I haven’t decided yet whether to accept it or not. I have to decide by Thursday.

4. I think I’ll wait until Thursday before making a decision.

5. It’s too late to go shopping now. The shops are open until 5.30. They’ll be closed by now.

6. I’d better pay the phone bill. It has to be paid by tomorrow.

7. Don’t pay the bill today. Wait until tomorrow.

8. A: Have you finished redecorating your house?

8. B: Not yet. We hope to finish by  the end of the week.

9. A: I’m going out now. I’ll be back at 4.30. Will you still be here?

9. B: I don’t think so. I’ll probably have gone out by then.

10. I’m moving into my new flat next week. I’m staying with a friend until then.

11. I’ve got a lot of work to do. By the time I finish, it will be time to go to bed.

12. If you want to do the exam, you should enter by 3 April.

119.3

1. Fred is away at the moment. He’ll be away until Monday.

2. Fred is away at the moment. He’ll be back by Monday.

3. I’m going out . I won’t be very long. Wait here until I return.

4. I’m going shopping. It’s 4.30 now. I won’t be very long. I’ll be back by 4.00pm.

5. If you want to apply for the job, your application must be received by tomorrow evening.

6. Last night I watched TV until 2.00 am.

119.3

1. Jane was invited to a party but she got there much later than she intended.

By the time she got to the party, most of the other guests had gone.

2. I had to catch a train but it took me longer than expected to get to the station.

By the time I got to the station, my train had already gone.

3. I saw two men who looked as if they were trying to steal a car. I called the police but it was some time before they arrived.

By the time the police arrived,  the two men had disappeared.

4. A man escaped from prison last night. It was a long time before the guards discovered what had happened.

By the time the guards had discovered what had happened,  the escaped prisoner was miles away.

5. I intended to go shopping after finishing my work. But I finished my work much later that expected.

By the time I finished my work, it was too late to go shopping.

 

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